President Pro Tempore Definition - Role and Explanation

The president pro tempore of the U.S. Senate is the highest-ranking elected member of the chamber but the second-highest ranking officer of the chamber. The president pro tempore  presides over the chamber in the absence of the vice president, who is the highest-ranking officer in Congress upper chamber. The current president pro tempore of the U.S. Senate is Republican Orrin Hatch of Utah. Writes the Senate Historical Office: Election of a senator to the office of president pro tempore has always been considered one of the highest honors offered to a senator by the Senate as a body. That honor has been bestowed upon a colorful and significant group of senators during the past two centuries — men who stamped their imprint on the office and on their times. The term pro tempore is Latin for  for a time or for the time being. The powers of the president pro tempore are spelled out in the U.S. Constitution.   President Pro Tempore Definition   The president pro tempore has the power to administer oaths of office, sign legislation and may fulfill all other obligations of the presiding officer, the Senate Historical Office states. Unlike the vice president, however, the president pro tempore cannot vote to break a tie vote in the Senate. Also, in the absence of the vice president, the president pro tempore jointly presides with the speaker of the House when the two houses sit together in joint sessions or joint meetings. The U.S. Constitution  states that the position of Senate president must be  filled by the vice president. The current vice president is  Republican Mike Pence.  During the legislative bodys day to day business, however, the vice president is almost always absent, appearing only in case of a tie vote, a joint session of Congress or big events such as the State of the Union speech.   Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution describes the pro tempore role. The full Senate elects the president pro tempore and the position is typically filled by the most senior senator in the majority party. The pro tempore is the equivalent to the speaker of the House of Representatives but with fewer powers.  Thus, the Senate president pro tempore is almost always the highest-ranking official, though in cases of normal business, the president pro tempore appoints an acting president pro tempore which is typically a more junior Senator. Except for the years from 1886 to 1947, the president pro tempore has been third in the line of succession after the U.S. vice president and the speaker of the House of Representatives.

Should College Athletes Be Paid - 1088 Words

â€Å"Should college athletes be paid† is an issue that is very controversial. Some people say â€Å"yes sure it’s a great idea†. Others say â€Å"no not at this time†. Paying college athletes for participating in sports is a bad idea. Athletes getting paid to play sports could take the focus of education away, it would cost way too much for universities, take the love and passion of the sport away, and many other reasons. Mostly all athletes get scholarships anyway which pays for their tuition, dorm, meals, etc. As the athletes receiving scholarships have a full ride through college their payment is in the form of education benefits as opposed to direct compensation. As the majority of Division I and II schools are higher scale colleges in general this†¦show more content†¦If college athletes were to get paid for playing sports then where would that leave their education? Their education would go down the drain because they could care less about school work as long as they are getting paid to play a sport. Student comes first in student-athlete. If a college athlete does not succeed in sports then they would need a skill to fall back on. Not all students will make it to the pros. Students are not professional athletes. Their sports included with their education can possibly be an avenue for them to get to the pros where they then can be paid. College sports are not careers or professions at that point in time. Their education should be first and foremost in their game plan. Worrying about money can distract them from their concentration on their academics which will pay long term dividends. Many college coaches emphasize the importance of education first. Parents and students are paying for a good education preparing for a profitable future. Sports pros don’t and cant guarantee how long their run will last. Then the money is gone especially if they don’t plan ahead. Also, if college athletes get paid to partic ipate in sports it is the same thing as saying that are paid employees of the college! Would this step include benefits such as paying towards retirement, health benefits, social security, and unemployment compensation? This makes the sport more of a job. Universities would have to invest in a Should College Athletes Be Paid - 1088 Words Should College Athletes be Paid? Since 1906 When Theodore Roosevelt established the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) to infose and make rule for intercollegiate sports. The NCAA had made billions of dollars out of college athletic increasing popularity. This has fuelled debates whether college athletes should be compensated beyond their athletic scholarship and how and who would do it. While many people argue that college athletes are compensated enough with their scholarship and that they shouldn t get paid as they are just amateurs representing their school, not putting in account â€Å"...what the scholarship is†¦.It’s the school paying itself. It’s like me paying myself for rent for my kids in my house, and then claiming I†¦show more content†¦Which is against NCAA rules, athletes are not eligible for participation in a sport if you have ever: Taken pay, or the promise of pay, for competing in that sport. Nor are athletes allowed to work anywhere where there image may be use to promote business. These amateur athletes have no incentive to stay in college and finish their respective degrees, as many cannot afford to pay for the increasingly expensive college experience. Some even argue, College athletes are being exploited by their schools, which make millions of dollars off of intercollegiate athletics. Everywhere else athletes are paid, so why shouldn’t college students too? The main reasons fronted by the NCAA for lack of payment are that it wants to maintain its amateur status and that payment would compromise the integrity of intercollegiate athletics, or do they mean to say they want to keep their pockets full with other people s money. I argue that paying athletes would promote wellness among students, because money will always be the main attraction. So, if college pay their athletes more students will be interested in playing different sports, making student fit and heather. Also the money would pave the way for students to pay off their loans. In 2000, due to the increasing cost of education, the NCAA â€Å"approved student-athletes’ employment in jobsShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1578 Words   |  7 PagesAshay Mehta Nou Per 8 Should College Athletes Be Paid? One of the hottest debates in the sports industry is if college athletes should be paid. If you want to pay these athletes, how would the college determine the dollar amount that should be paid? Should the basketball team make more than the football team? Should the the soccer team be paid as well? Cheerleading? Chess team? Should everyone on the team get a salary? What if your college is good at football and your basketball team is awfulRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that college athletes at the highest performing schools are better treated than others. Although they do not get paid, they do receive some benefits for being athletes that other students would not get. One advantage for playing a sport is access to scholarships that some schools reserve for their athletes. Depending on the school and the athlete’s performance, money towards tuition is often given. Only some schools are willing to grant â€Å"full-ride† scholar ships for certain athletes. AccordingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1364 Words   |  6 PagesHave you paid attention to all of the news that has been surfacing about collegiate sports lately? It is a big topic now days in the world of sports on weather college athletes should be getting paid to play sports. College athletics have gained great popularity of the past few decades, and have brought schools lots of revenue. A lot of college athletes think they should be getting paid for their services they do for their school. College sports like basketball and football generate over six billionRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1289 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years college sports have been about the love of the game, filled with adrenaline moments. However, the following question still remains: Should college athletes get paid to play sports in college? Seemingly, this debate has been endless, yet the questions have gone unanswered. The National Collegiate At hletics Association (NCAA) plays a vital role in this debate. The NCAA is a billion dollar industry, but yet sees that the athlete should get paid for their hard work and dedicationRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1130 Words   |  5 PagesWhat college athlete would not want to be paid to play the sport that he or she loves? The real question is, though, should college athletes be paid for their roles in a college’s athletics? They are many points to each side of this recent controversial topic, which is why this has been made into such a hot debate in the past couple of years. As of right now, these athletes are not getting paid, but many of them truly believe that they should. Others believe that they already are being paid throughRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1334 Words   |  6 Pagesrising to the surface is â€Å"Should college athletes be paid?†. This has become a burning question. The NCAA is a multibillion-dollar industry, that makes milli ons, if not billions, in revenue. Yet it’s still maintains the non-profit status meaning that the industry is not set on making a profit and none of the revenue that is made is distributed to its members, managers, or officers. While most players who play in college sports are under a scholarship, that pays for the college tuition, books, and housingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1239 Words   |  5 PagesLindsey Simmerman Speech 102 T/Th 1:00-2:15 October 25, 2016 Should college athletes be paid to play? Specific Purpose: To persuade the class to agree with my stance on paying college athletes to play sports Thesis: College football is the hours players spend practicing and performing, the number of injuries the players face, and the persona these athletes must portray every day all the while watching their schools, coaches, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) get all the compensationRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1254 Words   |  6 PagesSome college athletic departments are as wealthy as professional sports teams. The NCAA has an average annual revenue of $10.6 billion dollars. College athletes should be paid because of the amount of revenue that they bring to their college. Each individual college should pay its athletes based on how much revenue they bring to the college in which they attend. The colleges that win their Division title, their Conference title, or the National championship, give bonuses to the Head coach of thatRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?986 Words   |  4 PagesPaying the College Athlete The college athlete has steadily grown in popularity in the United States over the span of the past decades. Monetarily speaking, this increased publicity has been extremely beneficial for National Athletic Association (NCAA) and all the colleges involved in athletics which has sparked the dispute of whether or not the athlete should be paid for their hard work and dedication on the field and to their school or if the athletic scholarship is more than enough. College athletesRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1558 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent-athletes participate in a variety of different sports, and currently they do not receive paychecks for their performances. College athletics have attained an extensive popularity increase among Americans over the past few decades. This has resulted into increased revenues for the National Collegiate Athletic Association [NCAA] and the participating colleges, which has fuelled the debate of whether or not college athletes should colle ct an income. College athletes should not be paid to play

Why Project Fail Free Essays

Why Projects Fail Computer projects fail when they do not meet the following criteria for success: It is delivered on time. It is on or under budget. The system works as required. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Project Fail or any similar topic only for you Order Now Only a few projects achieve all three. Many more are delivered which fail on one or more of these criteria, and a substantial number are cancelled having failed badly. So what are the key factors for success? Organisations and individuals have studied a number of projects that have both succeeded and failed and some common factors emerge. A key finding is that there is no one overriding factor that causes project failure. A number of factors are involved in any particular project failure, some of which interact with each other. Here are six of the most important reasons for failure. 1 . Lack of User Involvement Lack of user involvement has proved fatal for many projects. Without user involvement nobody in the business feels committed to a system, and can even be hostile to it. If a project is to be a success senior management and users need to be involved from the start, and continuously throughout the development. This requires ime and effort, and when the people in a business are already stretched, finding time for a new project is not high on their priorities. Therefore senior management need to continuously support the project to make it clear to staff it is a priority. 2. Long or Unrealistic Time Scales Long timescales for a project have led to systems being delivered for products and services no longer in use by an organisation. The key recommendation is that project timescales should be short, which means that larger systems should be split into separate projects. There are always problems with this approach, but the benefits of oing so are considerable. Many managers are well aware of the need for fast delivery, leading to the other problem of unrealistic timescales. These are set without considering the volume of work that needs to be done to ensure delivery. As a result these systems are either delivered late or only have a fraction of the facilities that were asked for. The recommendation here is to review all project plans to see if they are realistic, and to challenge the participants to express any reservations they may have with it. . Poor or No Requirements Many projects have high level, vague, and generally unhelpful requirements. This has ed to cases where the developers, having no input from the users, build what they believe is needed, without having any real knowledge of the business. Inevitably when the system is delivered business users say it does not do what they need it to. This is closely linked to lack of user involvement, but goes beyond it. Users must know what it is they want, and be able to specify it precisely. As non-lT specialists this means normally they need skills training. 4. Scope Creep Scope is the overall view of what a system will deliver. Scope creep is the insidious growth in the scale of a system during the life of a project. As an example for a customer bills, then these bills will be provided on the Internet, and so on and so forth. All the functionality will have to be delivered at one time, therefore affecting time scales, and all will have to have detailed requirements. This is a management issue closely related to change control. Management must be realistic about what is it they want and when, and stick to it. 5. No Change Control System Despite everything businesses change, and change is happening at a faster rate then ever before. So it is not realistic to expect no change in requirements while a system s being built. However uncontrolled changes play havoc with a system under development and have caused many project failures. This emphasises the advantages of shorter timescales and a phased approach to building systems, so that change has less chance to affect development. Nonetheless change must be managed like any other factor of business. The business must evaluate the effects of any changed requirements on the timescale, cost and risk of project. Change Management and its sister discipline of Confguration Management are skills that can be taught. 6. Poor Testing The developers will do a great deal of testing during development, but eventually the users must run acceptance tests to see if the system meets the business requirements. However acceptance testing often fails to catch many faults before a system goes live because: Poor requirements which cannot be tested Poorly, or non planned tests meaning that the system is not methodically checked Inadequately trained users who do not know what the purpose of testing is Inadequate time to perform tests as the project is late Users, in order to build their confidence with a system, and to utilise their experience f the business, should do the acceptance testing. To do so they need good testable requirements, well designed and planned tests, be adequately trained, and have sufficient time to achieve the testing objectives. Conclusion These six factors are not the only ones that affect the success or failure of a project, but in many studies and reports they appear near, or at the top of the list. They are all interlinked, but as can be seen they are not technical issues, but management and training ones. This supports the idea that IT projects should be treated as business projects. How to cite Why Project Fail, Papers

Address Customer Needs

Question: Discuss about the Report for Address Customer Needs. Answer: Communicating with the customers Communicating with customers regularly is important due to various reasons. First, where the company ensures regular communication; it is easy to implement change. The clients are more likely to stay with a business they rust even where the goods and services are changed. The communication, therefore, is important in creating this trust. The customers are also a source of new ideas, because they know the needs that need fulfilling. Additionally, the company is in a position to identify the needs of the clients hence modifying the products and services accordingly. Good reputations also spread where the customers are satisfied. This, therefore, helps in crating new customers. As a result of the change in technology, customers should adopt new communication methods. The new methods may include using a website, application of some means such as the e-mail. Further the business can use videoconferencing, as well as social media, texting, and blogs. Loyalty programs have some negative asp ects such as the fact that the product being offered is additional and not free. The client, therefore, still pays for that additional item as opposed to the belief that it is free. They are also not effective because most people are offering tem, and could even lose their meaning. Loyalty Schemes A loyalty scheme refers to a system where the customers who frequently make purchases are offered rewards (Cantamessa, Montagna, 2016). This may include access to new products, coupons, special sales, as well as free merchandise. One loyalty scheme that I a part of is the loyalty cads which are provided by the local supermarket. These cards add points every tie I make purchases, and I later redeem them for free products. The supermarket waits until a certain time when they state the redeeming of the points accumulated by the cards. At this time, the points are many, as I always shop with the supermarket. This scheme is beneficial to me as customer because I am able to acquire products without paying for them. This, therefore, helps me save on the expenses. Further, the card is a like a form of reward which I am given by the business because of my loyalty. This, therefore, boost my level of satisfaction. The second loyalty scheme is the scratch to see program, which is on-going for s ome products from various companies. Under this scheme, where one buys a product, they scratch the bottom and see a gift which is offered for free. This scheme, however, does not need registration and is open for all people. As such, the scheme is beneficial since it does not necessarily need one to be a loyal customer, and it saves ones money. Maintaining Records Keeping records is important because it makes the preparation of year-end accounts quicker. It also helps the company in making tax plans. Further, it is important while identifying the strengths and weaknesses of a business. It also helps in the management of changes, as well as the improvements which are made on the business. Further, one can get the information to change and improve the business. Customer relationship management software, (CRM) is a class of software which is used in the management of customer data, as well as the customer interaction, and also accesses the information on marketing and automated sales, and customer support. It is also used in the employee management. CRM is used in a business to help in organization; storage of data to be used in the future, predicting the future, and is also used to track data and events. The four classes of functions of CRM include tracking of customer interaction, registration of the lead contacts, possibilities revelation, and storage of customer data. Company policy and procedures A Company Policy and Procedure refers to a set of guidelines, principles, as well as regulations which are established and adopted by an organization in the attainment of the companys long-term goals (Harhoff, Lakhani, 2016). Recording complaints is important for a company because it is the basis for changes and improvements which are made by the organization. It also enables the company to understand the customers perception. It also assists the organization in being a step ahead of the other firms the industry, hence creating a competitive advantage. The complaints which are documented are also significant because are applied in the future while modifying products and services. The complaints recorded by the organization are solved by the application of a certain procedure. The first step is listening to the customer, and understanding the complaint. The second step involves apologizing to the client. The third step is finding and implementing a solution to the complaint. The comp any then follows up on the customer, and finally goes further to exceed the customer expectations. Address Customer Needs: Referral Networks Scenario 1 A referral system in business is a program which is designed to get referrals through marketing and can be duplicated and is not dependent as a single unit. A formal referral is one where there is agreed procedure between the agencies. In this case, referral protocols are followed, where adult guidance is done with the agencies. The professional judgment and experience as well as good practice are important aspects which assist one in selecting the referral. The informal referral, on the other hand, involves the use of existing networks between people to create new networks amongst themselves (Andersen, Ritter, 2008). This kind of referral is most favored by the clients because it enables the client to take responsibility of the choices they make as minimum information is provided. In our case scenario, it is important for a business to have well established as well as maintained networks because the clients also need preparations for other sections. The fact that the company is onl y involved in small conferences and weddings, and the client requires the firm to arrange the entire wedding; the business will need assistance in some of the sectors. As such, the existing networks will be helpful in acquiring the services required. It is, therefore, important for a business to keep its networks are not only accurate but are also up-to-date. Such a situation can be attained by ensuring that the business works closely with other firms that carry out activities that are related. This will help the firm to keep connections which can inform them of any additional requirements, as well as the upcoming trends. In the given scenario, the organization may need to source services of a caterer, photographer, floral designer, entertainer or deejay, and even a stationer who arranges wedding invitations. The referral may benefit the customers because they will not be required to seek services form different people. This will, therefore, save them time, as well as money. The organization will benefit because it will create good relationships with other businesses, hence future referrals from these organizations. The referred organization, on the other hand, will benefit because it will acquire clients (Brink, Berndt, 2004). Technical writer Can share services with Graphic designer Wedding planner Can share services with Photographer Make-up artist Can share services with Hair stylist Receptionist Can share services with Caterer Housing agents Can share services with Electricians Scenario 2 The business of selling plants and trees in the outer suburban location may attract many different customers. Other than this, therefore, one can refer the customers to other products as well as services. Some of the services which may be referred in this case include tree-trimming, fence repair, lawn care, concrete contractor, tree cut and removal, as well as yard care. Each of these services brings a lot of benefits to the business because they will assist in creating networks. Further, the business could refer the services at a certain fee hence making some profits. Additionally, the business may get benefits from working with the companies which provide the different services, hence creating a business transaction. This is particularly important for services such as concrete contractor, lawn care. Addressing Customer Needs: Part B 1 Wheels in Motion, which deals in bicycle sales and repair, can communicate to the customers using different types of communication. The first type is physical media, where the person communicating can be seen and heard by the audience (McNealy, 2004). This is effective because the receivers of different messages consider it important if it can be communicated live from their manager. This, therefore, will catch the attention of the customers as well as potential customers to the business. Some of the methods that are applicable in this case include viral communication by word of mouth, where different departments of the business inform the customers of the sales and repair business. Large meetings in town halls are also effective as many people can be reached by the message. Further, the business can identify individual clients, and set up close and personal meetings, which will help register them and clearly outline all the information about the company services and products. These methods are effective because the personal approach to the customers helps in convincing the clients. Further, the clients cannot misinterpret the information because they also have the chance to ask questions on aspects that are not clear. Additionally, the business is in a position to create a relationship with its clients. This also ensures that the views about the business, as well as the feedback are collected from the individuals during the interaction. The second type of communication that can be used in this case is the mechanical media, where written, as well as electronic means are used to communicate with the clients (Barnes, Kelleher, 2015). This method is important because the client is in a position to archive messages so as to get the bigger picture as well as the in-depth details that may escape the customers. These ways are also fast, though the reader may interpret the information wrongly. Some of the means under this type of communication include personal letters, sms, e-mail, magazines, as well as social media. These methods are effective because they provide a means where the business and the customers can refer where there are misunderstandings in the future. Additionally, the customers can scrutinize the information thoroughly, and also apply it in future times while considering dealing with the business. The customers can also share the information with their friends and family via sms, e-mails, social media accou nts, as well as giving the magazines and letters to other people. As such, this method is effective because more customers are created and hence increasing the sales of the business. 2 Wheels in Motion can create good business dealings by creating referral networks. These networks are important as they help in providing further business activities for the company by providing new and additional clients (Williams, 2009). The first network is associations. This can be achieved by joining and being an active member of different associations. The business should first look for firms that deal with similar business activities. They should then join the associations that include these firms, hence creating a background for sourcing target market. This is a perfect start where a business intends to meet bigger opportunities. The second network is created by doing a good job. This refers to the provision of quality services and good products. The business should ensure that all the customers are satisfied with the products, as well as the services which are provided by the company. This works because where the customers are happy with the services provided, they are likely to refer these services to other people. These people may include friends, family, as well as business colleagues, who will be convinced of the effectiveness of the services and products provided by the company. Where this happens, the business will gain revenues and hence ensuring growth of the business. 3 Information regarding the customers should be kept up-to-date (Kessler, 2003). This is important as it assists the business identify the information which is applicable at the current period. AS such, Wheels in Motion should ensure the information on the customers is always updated. This can be done by giving specific instructions to the people handling the customers, so as to have the information updated regularly. The individuals responsible, therefore, should always communicate with the customers so as to enquire on the extent of business activities at different and regular times. The staff should also compare the sales against the revenues, to ensure they check for any additional transaction. On finding this information, they should record it in the books according to the nature of the transaction. 4 Different kinds of information can be collected about the Wheels in Motion customers. This includes the dates of transactions, different kinds of transaction, as well as different agreements between the company and the customers. The information is important for different reasons. First, communicating with the customers is important as one is able to get the accurate and up-to-date details of different transactions. It is also important to check he transactions that took place during the day at the end of each day. The records on this information should also be kept so as to ensure errors are not committed. Where the records are not clear, one should compare the revenues available with the remaining stock. In the case of bicycle repair, strict instructions should be issued, requiring the staff responsible to record each transaction. The information is also important for future reference incase of any disagreements between the customers and the company. The business can also use this information while making crucial decisions in the future. 5 On acquiring the information and giving services and products to the customers, it is important for a business to get feedback from the customers (Ingram, 2008). One type of feedback acquisition for Wheels in Motion is the use of physical communication. This can be done by calling meetings, or holding conferences in town halls. The business can also call the customers and have an up-close and personal discussion. This way, the business is in a position to get the information from clients first hand, and the individual responsible for collecting the information can read the facials expressions. This method is also effective because it ensures that the business is able to get all the expectations that the customers, as well as potential customers have. Further, the meetings capture additional clients for the business. The second method used for acquiring feedback is the use of social media, which is a common site for many people. Here, the business can gather all the genuine feedback t hat the customers have, as well as the genuine concerns. This method is beneficial because most people go to social media sites to pour heir frustrations or to praise good products. As such, one is able to acquire accurate information on the products and services. Bibliography Andersen, H., Ritter, T. 2008. Inside the customer universe: How to build unique customer insight for profitable growth and market leadership. Chichester, England: John Wiley Sons.Brink, A., Berndt, A. 2004. Customer relationship management customer service.Landsdowne, South Africa: Juta.Barnes, R. A., Kelleher, B. 2015. Customer experience for dummies.Cantamessa, M., Montagna, F. 2016. Management of innovation and product development:Integrating business and technological perspectives.Harhoff, D., Lakhani, K. R. 2016. Revolutionizing innovation: Users, communities, andopen innovation.Ingram, T. N. 2008. Professional selling: A trust-based approach. Mason, OH:Thomson/South-Western.Kessler, S. 2003. Customer satisfaction toolkit for ISO 9001:2000. Milwaukee, Wis: ASQQuality PressMcNealy, R. M. 2004. Making customer satisfaction happen: A strategy for delightingcustomers. London: Chapman Hall.Williams, C. 2009. Management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.